What is a pelvic exam?

A pelvic exam is a physical exam to check the health of your reproductive organs. During the exam, your OBGYN, primary care doctor or another healthcare provider will look and feel for any problems with your vulva, vagina, cervix and other pelvic organs.

Typically part of a well-woman visit, a pelvic exam can help detect infections, skin changes, cancer and other health conditions early, when treatment is likely to be less invasive and more successful. If you’re having unexplained symptoms, such as abnormal bleeding, a pelvic exam can help find the cause.

A pelvic exam takes only a few minutes. While you lie on a table with legs raised and feet in stirrups, a provider will examine your vulva. Then, they’ll use a speculum to open and examine your vagina and, if necessary, perform a Pap test to screen for cervical cancer. Finally, the provider will use one or two gloved and lubricated fingers to gently feel your reproductive organs.

Why might I need a pelvic exam?

Pelvic exams are a routine part of women’s healthcare. They help check for any issues, like pain, unusual bleeding or infections. Most people have their first pelvic exam around age 21, and after that, how often you need one depends on your health and risk factors.

Your healthcare provider may recommend a pelvic exam if you have:

  • A family history of ovarian or cervical cancer
  • A history of HPV or abnormal Pap tests
  • Pelvic pain, pain during sex or unusual discharge
  • Irregular periods or unexpected bleeding
  • Concerns about STIs or infections
  • Uterine fibroids, ovarian cysts or other concerns
  • Pregnancy-related care needs
  • An IUD that needs placement or adjustment

Pelvic exams help catch potential issues early, keeping you healthy and giving you peace of mind.

How often do you need a pelvic exam?

It depends on your health history and any symptoms you have. Some doctors recommend yearly exams, while others suggest every few years. The best way to know what’s right for you is to ask your provider when you should come in for routine checkups.

How to prepare for a pelvic exam

If you haven’t had this exam before, tell your provider before the appointment so they can take extra care to explain each part of the procedure and make you as comfortable as possible.

Avoid having vaginal sex or using a tampon or other vaginal products during the 24 hours before the appointment, which may help you stay more comfortable during the exam. You may want to have the exam when you’re not on your period to reduce discomfort.

The pelvic exam procedure

A pelvic exam is usually performed in your doctor’s office, often as part of your well-woman routine checkup. The pelvic exam portion of your visit usually takes about 10 minutes. Here's what you can expect during the procedure.

Before the procedure

Before your pelvic exam, make sure to use the bathroom. If your provider has asked for a urine sample, be sure to collect it beforehand.

You might have a nurse or chaperone in the room, but if not, and you’d like one, feel free to ask. You can also bring a friend, partner or family member for support during the exam.

Before the pelvic exam, your provider will ask about your health history and any symptoms you've been experiencing. They'll also answer any questions you may have. You may also have a physical exam, which can include listening to your heart and lungs, checking your ears and other routine evaluations.

Your provider will then give you a gown and a sheet (which may be made of heavy paper). When they step out, you can undress privately and put on the gown. Once you're dressed in the gown and covered with the sheet, you'll lie back on the exam table and slide down to the edge of the table.

What are the risks of a pelvic exam?

Pelvic exams are safe and play an important role in protecting your health by helping to detect reproductive conditions early. Any side effects, like mild bleeding or cramping, are usually temporary and not serious.

It’s completely normal to feel nervous about a pelvic exam, especially if it’s your first time. Talking to your healthcare provider about your feelings can help ease your concerns. They can explain what to expect and how they will make the exam as comfortable as possible for you.

Understanding the results

Your doctor will often be able to tell you right away if anything unusual was found during the pelvic exam. However, Pap test results may take a few days. During your visit, you’ll likely discuss any next steps, additional tests, follow-up appointments, or treatments you may need.

A pelvic exam is also a great time to talk about your sexual and reproductive health. If you have any questions, make sure to ask your doctor during your visit.

Frequently asked questions

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